What does the term "thermal bridging" refer to?

The term "thermal bridging" refers to specific areas in the building envelope where heat is transmitted more easily compared to surrounding insulated areas, typically due to a lack of adequate insulation. This phenomenon occurs in building materials that conduct heat better than typical insulated materials, such as wood, steel, or concrete. As a result, these areas can significantly increase heat loss during cold weather and heat gain during warm weather, leading to reduced energy efficiency.

In practice, thermal bridges can lead to higher energy bills, uncomfortable temperature fluctuations indoors, and potentially cause condensation issues that can lead to mold or structural damage if not addressed properly. Understanding and identifying these areas is essential for effective building design and renovation, particularly in energy-efficient construction.

The other options presented refer to concepts related to temperature and insulation but do not accurately capture the definition of thermal bridging. For example, heat loss through windows and heat retention in insulated roofs are broader topics related to thermal performance but do not specifically address the localized issue of thermal bridging.