Which of the following are components of a roofing system?

The components of a roofing system are crucial for ensuring the integrity and longevity of a roof. The correct answer is based on the inclusion of elements that work together to protect the building from the elements.

A roof deck provides the structural base for the roofing system, while underlayment adds a layer of protection against moisture. Insulation plays a key role in energy efficiency by helping to regulate temperature. Shingles serve as the outer layer that provides waterproofing and weather protection. Flashing is another essential component, designed to direct water away from critical areas and prevent leaks, especially around chimneys, vents, and roof joints.

In this context, the other combinations do not effectively account for all necessary elements of a comprehensive roofing system. For example, including drywall, which is an interior finish material, does not belong on the roofing exterior system. Gutters, while important for water drainage, are not considered a part of the roofing itself but rather a drainage system. Finally, paint may enhance aesthetics but does not play a structural role in the roofing assembly. Each of these elements serves distinct functions, but flashing's critical role in preventing water ingress is what makes it a necessary component in the complete roofing system.